- Adjective
Adjective is a word or set of words that modifies (i,e., describes) a noun or pronoun. Adjectives may come before the word they modify.
example:
- That is a cute puppy.
- She like a high school senior.
Adjectives may also follow the word the modify:
example:
- That puppy looks cute.
- The technology is advance.
- Adverb
Adverb is a word or set of words that modifies verb, adjectives, or other adverbs.
example:
- He speaks slowly. (modifies the verb speaks)
- He is especialy clever. (modifies the adjective clever)
- He speaks all too slowly. (modifies the adverb slowly)
An adverb answers How, When, Where, or To What extent-How Often or How Much (ex., daily, completely).
example:
- He speaks slowly. (answers the question how)
- He speaks very slowly. (answers the question how slowly)
Rule 1
Many adverb end in -ly, but may do not. Generally, if a word can have -ly added to its adjective form, place it there to from an adverb.
example:
- She thinks quick/quickly. How does She think? Quickly.
- She is a quick/quickly thinker. Quick is an adjective describing thinker, so no -ly is attached.
- She thinks fast/fastly. Fast answers the question how, so it is an adverb. But fast never has -ly attached to it.
- We performed bad/badly. Badly describes how we performed so -ly added.
Rule 2
Adverb that answer the question how sometimes cause grammatical problems. It can be a challenge to determine if -ly should be attached. Avoid the trap -ly with linking verbs, such as taste, smell, look, eel, etc., taht pertain to the senses. Adverbs are often misplaced in such sentences, which required adjectives instead.
example:
1. Roses smel sweet/sweetly.
Do the roses actively smell with noses? No, in this case, smell is a linking verb-which requires an adjective to modify roses-so no -ly.
2. The woman looked angry/angrily to us.
Did the woman look with her eyes, or are we describing her appearance? We are describing her appearance (she appeared angry), so no -ly.
3. The woman looked angry/angrily at the paint splotches.
Here the woman actively looked (used her eyes), so the -ly is added.
4. She feels bad/badly about the news.
She is not feeling with fingers, so no -ly.
Rule 3
The word good is an adjective, whose adverb equivalent is well.
example:
- You did a good job. Good describes the job.
- You did the job well. Well answers how.
- You smell good today. Good describes your fragrance, not how you smell with your nose, so using the adjective is correct.
- You smell well for someone with a cold. You are actively smelling with your nose here, so use the adverb.
Rule 4
The word well can be an adjective, too. When referring to health, we often use well rather than good.
examples:
- You do not look well today.
- I don't feel well.
Rule 5
Adjective come in three forms, also called degrees. An adjective is its normal or usual from is called a positive degree adjective. There are also the comparative and superlative degree, which are used for comparison, as in the following examples:
Positive
|
Comparative
|
Superlative
|
cool
|
cooler
|
coolest
|
good
|
better
|
best
|
effective
|
more effective
|
most effective
|
A common error in using adjective and adverb arises from using the wrong from of comparison. To compare two things, always use a comparative adjective:
example : She is the cleverer or the two women (never cleverest)
The word cleverest is what is called the superlative form of clever. Use it only when comparing thre or more things:
example: She is the cleverest of them all.
Incorrect : Chocolate or vanilla: which do you like best?
Correct : Chocolate r vanilla: which do you like better?
Rule 6
There are also three degrees of adverbs. In formal sage, do not drp the -ly from an adverb when using the comparative form.
Incorrect : She spoke quicker than he dd.
Correct : She spoke more quickly than he did.
Incorrect : Talk quieter.
Correct : Talk more quietly.
Rule 7
When this, that, these, and those are followed by a noun, They are adjectives. When they appear without a noun following them, they are pronouns.
examples:
1. This house is for sale.
This is an adjective.
2. This is for sale.
This is a pronoun.
Refrensi:
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